Nested class for atlasapi.atlas::Atlas

Atlas._Clusters

class Atlas._Clusters(atlas)

Bases: object

Clusters API

see: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/clusters/

Constructor

Parameters:atlas (Atlas) – Atlas instance
create_basic_rs(name: str, size: atlasapi.clusters.InstanceSizeName = <InstanceSizeName.M10: 'M10'>, disk_size: int = 10, provider: atlasapi.lib.ProviderName = <ProviderName.AWS: 'Amazon Web Services'>, region: str = 'US_WEST_2', version: atlasapi.lib.MongoDBMajorVersion = <MongoDBMajorVersion.v4_0: '4.0'>) → atlasapi.clusters.AtlasBasicReplicaSet

Simplified method for creating a basic replica set with basic options.

Return type:

AtlasBasicReplicaSet

Parameters:
  • name (str) – The name for the cluster
  • size (InstanceSizeName) – The Atlas Instance size, found in The InstanceSizeName enum
  • disk_size (int) – The size in GB for disk
  • provider (ProviderName) – The cloud provider, found in ProviderName enum
  • region (str) – The provider region to place the cluster.
  • version (MongoDBMajorVersion) – The mongodb major version (enum)
Returns:

AtlasBasicReplicaSet

create_cluster(cluster: atlasapi.clusters.ClusterConfig) → dict

Create a cluster

url: POST /api/atlas/v1.0/groups/{GROUP-ID}/clusters

Parameters:cluster (ClusterConfig) – A Cluster Config Object
Returns:Response payload
Return type:dict
delete_cluster(cluster: str, areYouSure: bool = False)

Delete a Cluster

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/clusters-delete-one/

Parameters:

cluster (str :param cluster: Cluster name :param areYouSure: safe flag to don’t delete a cluster by mistake) – Cluster name

Keyword Arguments:
 

areYouSure (bool) – safe flag to don’t delete a cluster by mistake

Returns:

Response payload

Return type:

dict

Raises:
  • ErrConfirmationRequested – Need a confirmation to delete the cluster
  • type areYouSure: bool
get_all_clusters(pageNum=1, itemsPerPage=1000, iterable=False)

Get All Clusters

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/clusters-get-all/

Keyword Arguments:
 
  • pageNum (int) – Page number
  • itemsPerPage (int) – Number of Users per Page
  • iterable (bool) – To return an iterable high level object instead of a low level API response
Returns:

Iterable object representing this function OR Response payload

Return type:

AtlasPagination or dict

Raises:

ErrPaginationLimits – Out of limits

get_single_cluster(cluster: str) → dict

Get a Single Cluster

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/clusters-get-one/

Parameters:cluster (str) – The cluster name
Returns:Response payload
Return type:dict
get_single_cluster_advanced_options(cluster: str, as_obj: bool = True) → Union[dict, atlasapi.clusters.AdvancedOptions]

Retrieves advanced options from a cluster, either as a obj, or optionally as a dict.

GET /groups/{GROUP-ID}/clusters/{CLUSTER-NAME}/processArgs

Parameters:
  • cluster (str) –
  • as_obj (bool) – True to return, AdvancedOptions, false for a dict
Returns:

AdvancedOptions object or dict

get_single_cluster_as_obj(cluster) → Union[atlasapi.clusters.ClusterConfig, atlasapi.clusters.ShardedClusterConfig]

Get a Single Cluster as data

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/clusters-get-one/

Parameters:cluster (str) – The cluster name
Returns:Response payload
Return type:ClusterConfig
is_existing_cluster(cluster) → bool

Check if the cluster exists

Not part of Atlas api but provided to simplify some code

Parameters:cluster (str) – The cluster name
Returns:The cluster exists or not
Return type:bool
modify_cluster(cluster: str, cluster_config: Union[atlasapi.clusters.ClusterConfig, dict]) → dict

Modify a Cluster

Modifies an existing cluster in the project. Either from a full ClusterConfig object, or from a simple dict which contains the elements desired.

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/clusters-modify-one/

Return type:

dict

Parameters:
  • cluster (str) – The name of the cluster to modify
  • cluster_config – A ClusterConfig object containing the new configuration, or a dict containing fragment.
Returns:

dict: A dictionary of the new cluster config

modify_cluster_advanced_options(cluster: str, advanced_options: atlasapi.clusters.AdvancedOptions, as_obj: bool = True) → Union[atlasapi.clusters.AdvancedOptions, dict]

Modifies cluster advanced options using a AdvancedOptions object.

PATCH /groups/{GROUP-ID}/clusters/{CLUSTER-NAME}/processArgs

Parameters:
  • cluster (str) – The clutster name
  • advanced_options (AdvancedOptions) – An AdvancedOptions object with the options to be set.
  • as_obj (bool) – Return the new AdvancedOptions as an object.
Returns:

modify_cluster_instance_size(cluster: str, new_cluster_size: atlasapi.clusters.InstanceSizeName) → dict

Modifies existing cluster by changing only the instance size.

Helper function using modify_cluster :rtype: dict :type new_cluster_size: InstanceSizeName :type cluster: str :param cluster: The cluster name :param new_cluster_size: InstanceSizeName: The new size to use. :return: dict: the new cluster configuration dict

modify_cluster_tls(cluster: str, TLS_protocol: atlasapi.clusters.TLSProtocols, as_obj: bool = True) → atlasapi.clusters.TLSProtocols

Modifies cluster TLS settings.

pause_cluster(cluster: str, toggle_if_paused: bool = False) → dict

Pauses/Unpauses a cluster.

If you wish to unpause, set the toggle_if_paused param to True. :rtype: dict :type toggle_if_paused: bool :type cluster: str :param cluster: The name of the cluster :param toggle_if_paused: Set to true to unpause a paused clsuter. :return: dict: The updated config

test_failover(cluster: str) → Optional[dict]

Triggers a primary failover for a cluster

Used for testing cluster resiliency.

Return type:dict
Parameters:cluster (str) –
Returns:And empty dict

Atlas._DatabaseUsers

class Atlas._DatabaseUsers(atlas)

Bases: object

Database Users API

see: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/database-users/

Constructor

Parameters:atlas (Atlas) – Atlas instance
create_a_database_user(permissions) → dict

Create a Database User

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/database-users-create-a-user/

Parameters:permissions (DatabaseUsersPermissionsSpec) – Permissions to apply
Returns:Response payload
Return type:dict
delete_a_database_user(user: str) → dict

Delete a Database User

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/database-users-delete-a-user/

Parameters:user (str) – User to delete
Returns:Response payload
Return type:dict
get_a_single_database_user(user: str) → dict

Get a Database User

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/database-users-get-single-user/

Parameters:user (str) – User
Returns:Response payload
Return type:dict
get_all_database_users(pageNum: int = 1, itemsPerPage: int = 1000, iterable: bool = False)

Get All Database Users

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/database-users-get-all-users/

Keyword Arguments:
 
  • pageNum (int) – Page number
  • itemsPerPage (int) – Number of Users per Page
  • iterable (bool) – To return an iterable high level object instead of a low level API response
Returns:

Iterable object representing this function OR Response payload

Return type:

AtlasPagination or dict

Raises:

ErrPaginationLimits – Out of limits

update_a_database_user(user: str, permissions: atlasapi.specs.DatabaseUsersUpdatePermissionsSpecs) → dict

Update a Database User

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/database-users-update-a-user/

Parameters:
Returns:

Response payload

Return type:

dict

Atlas._Alerts

class Atlas._Alerts(atlas)

Bases: object

Alerts API

see: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/alerts/

Constructor

Parameters:atlas (Atlas) – Atlas instance
acknowledge_an_alert(alert, until, comment=None)

Acknowledge an Alert

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/alerts-acknowledge-alert/

Parameters:
  • alert (str) – The alert id
  • until (datetime) – Acknowledge until
Keyword Arguments:
 

comment (str) – The acknowledge comment

Returns:

Response payload :param comment:

Return type:

dict

acknowledge_an_alert_forever(alert, comment=None)

Acknowledge an Alert forever

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/alerts-acknowledge-alert/

Parameters:alert (str) – The alert id
Keyword Arguments:
 comment (str) – The acknowledge comment
Returns:Response payload
Return type:dict
get_all_alerts(status=None, pageNum=1, itemsPerPage=1000, iterable=False)

Get All Alerts

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/alerts-get-all-alerts/

Keyword Arguments:
 
  • status (AlertStatusSpec) – filter on alerts status
  • pageNum (int) – Page number
  • itemsPerPage (int) – Number of Users per Page
  • iterable (bool) – To return an iterable high level object instead of a low level API response
Returns:

Iterable object representing this function OR Response payload

Return type:

AtlasPagination or dict

Raises:

ErrPaginationLimits – Out of limits

get_an_alert(alert: str) → atlasapi.alerts.Alert

Get an Alert

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/alerts-get-alert/

Parameters:alert (str) – The alert id
Returns:Response payload
Return type:dict
unacknowledge_an_alert(alert)

Acknowledge an Alert

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/alerts-acknowledge-alert/

Parameters:alert (str) – The alert id
Returns:Response payload
Return type:dict

Atlas._MaintenanceWindows

class Atlas._MaintenanceWindows(atlas)

Bases: object

Maintenance Windows API

see: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/maintenance-windows/

The maintenanceWindow resource provides access to retrieve or update the current Atlas project maintenance
window. To learn more about Maintenance Windows, see the Set Preferred Cluster Maintenance Start Time setting on the View/Modify Project Settings page.
Parameters:atlas (Atlas) – Atlas instance
current_config() → atlasapi.maintenance_window.MaintenanceWindow

The current Maintainable Window configuration.

Returns: MaintainableWindow object

defer() → dict

Defers the currently scheduled maintenance window.

Returns: bool:

set_config(new_config: atlasapi.maintenance_window.MaintenanceWindow) → bool

Sets the maint configuration to the values in the passed MaintWindow Object

Will only set those values which are not none in the MaintWindow Object. Currently you can not use this method to set a value as null. (This is not supported by the API anyway)

Parameters:new_config – A MaintainenceWindow Object

Returns: bool: True is success

Atlas._Hosts

class Atlas._Hosts(atlas)

Bases: object

Hosts API

see: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/monitoring-and-logs/#monitoring-and-logs

Constructor

Parameters:atlas (Atlas) – Atlas instance
cluster_list

Returns a list of clusters found in the hosts for this group.

Returns:A set of cluster names
Return type:Set[str}
fill_host_list(for_cluster: Optional[str] = None) → List[atlasapi.specs.Host]

Fills the self.hostname property with the current hosts for the project/group.

Optionally, one can specify the for_cluster parameter to fill the host list with hosts only from the specified cluster.

Parameters:for_cluster (str) – The name of the cluster for filter the host list.
Returns:A lost of Host objects
Return type:List[Host]
get_log_for_host(host_obj: atlasapi.specs.Host, log_name: atlasapi.lib.AtlasLogNames = <AtlasLogNames.MONGODB: 'mongodb.gz'>, date_from: datetime.datetime = None, date_to: datetime.datetime = None) → BinaryIO

Retrieves the designated logfile archive of designated log_name and for the designated dates, and returns a binary file like object.

Parameters:
  • host_obj (Host) – And atlas Host object to retrieve logs for
  • log_name (AtlasLogNames) – an AtlasLogNames type
  • date_from (datetime.datetime) – The datetime to start from
  • date_to (datetime.datetime) – The datetime to gather till
Returns:

A BinaryIO object containing the gzipped log file.

Return type:

BinaryIO

get_loglines_for_host(host_obj: atlasapi.specs.Host, log_name: atlasapi.lib.AtlasLogNames = <AtlasLogNames.MONGODB: 'mongodb.gz'>, date_from: datetime.datetime = None, date_to: datetime.datetime = None) → Iterable[atlasapi.lib.LogLine]

Gathers the designated log file from Atlas, and then returns the lines therein contained.

Does so by downloading the gzip file into memory, ungzipping and then unpacking each log line as a LogLine Object.

Parameters:
  • host_obj (Host) – An atlas Host object to retrive logs for
  • log_name (str) – an AtlasLogNames type
  • date_from (datetime) – The datetime to start from
  • date_to (datetime) – The datetime to gather till
Returns:

Yeilds LogLine objects, one for each logline found in the file.

Return type:

Iterable[LogLine]

get_logs_for_cluster(cluster_name: str, log_name: atlasapi.lib.AtlasLogNames = <AtlasLogNames.MONGODB: 'mongodb.gz'>, date_from: datetime.datetime = None, date_to: datetime.datetime = None) → Iterable[atlasapi.specs.Host]

Yields A Host object per Host in the passed cluster with a File-like objects containing the gzipped log file requested for each host in the project using the same date filters and log_name (type) in the log_files property.

Currently the log_file property (List) is usually with only one item. :param log_name: The type of log to be retrieved :type log_name: AtlasLogNames :param date_from: Start of log entries :type date_from: datetime :param date_to: End of log entries :type date_to: datetime

Returns:Yields Host objects, with full host information as well as the logfile in the log_files property.
Return type:Iterable[Host]
get_logs_for_project(log_name: atlasapi.lib.AtlasLogNames = <AtlasLogNames.MONGODB: 'mongodb.gz'>, date_from: datetime.datetime = None, date_to: datetime.datetime = None) → Iterable[atlasapi.specs.Host]

Yields A Host object per Host in the project with a File-like objects containing the gzipped log file requested for each host in the project using the same date filters and log_name (type) in the log_files property.

Currently the log_file property (List) is usually with only one item. :param log_name: The type of log to be retrieved :type log_name: AtlasLogNames :param date_from: Start of log entries :type date_from: datetime :param date_to: End of log entries :type date_to: datetime

Returns:Yields Host objects, with full host information as well as the logfile in the log_files property.
Return type:Iterable[Host]
get_measurement_for_hosts(granularity: Optional[atlasapi.lib.AtlasGranularities] = None, period: Optional[atlasapi.lib.AtlasPeriods] = None, measurement: Optional[atlasapi.specs.AtlasMeasurementTypes] = None, return_data: bool = False)

Get measurement(s) for all hosts in the host_list

Populates all hosts in the host_list with the requested metric.

Multiple calls will append additional metrics to the same host object.

Please note that using the return_data param will also return the updated host objects, which may unnecessarily consume memory.

Keyword Arguments:
 
host_list_by_cluster(cluster_name: str) → Iterable[atlasapi.specs.Host]

Returns hosts belonging to the named cluster. :param cluster_name: :type cluster_name: str

Returns:An interator of Host Objects.
Return type:Iterable[Host]
host_list_primaries

Yields only hosts which are currently primary.

host_list_secondaries

Yields only hosts which are currently secondaries.

host_names

Returns a simple list of host names without port

Return type:Iterator[str]
update_host_list(host_obj: atlasapi.specs.Host) → None

Places a host into the host_list property.

Parameters:host_obj – Host: A host object with measurements.
Returns:
Return type:None

Atlas._Events

class Atlas._Events(atlas)

Bases: object

Events API

see: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/events/

Constructor

Parameters:atlas (Atlas) – Atlas instance
all

Returns all events for the current project/group.

Returns:A list of event objects.
Return type:ListOfEvents
since(since_datetime: datetime.datetime) → NewType.<locals>.new_type

Returns all events since the passed datetime. (UTC)

Returns:
Return type:ListOfEvents

Atlas._Whitelist

class Atlas._Whitelist(atlas)

Bases: object

Whitelist API

see: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/whitelist/

Constructor

Parameters:atlas (Atlas) – Atlas instance
create_whitelist_entry(ip_address: str, comment: str) → List[atlasapi.whitelist.WhitelistEntry]

Create a whitelist entry

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/whitelist-add-one/

Parameters:
  • ip_address (str) – ip address to add to whitelist
  • comment (str) – comment describing the whitelist entry
Returns:

Response payload

Return type:

List[WhitelistEntry]

delete_a_whitelist_entry(ip_address: str) → dict

Delete a whitelist entry

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/whitelist-delete-one/

Parameters:ip_address (str) – ip address to delete from whitelist
Returns:Response payload
Return type:dict
get_all_whitelist_entries(pageNum: int = 1, itemsPerPage: int = 1000, iterable: bool = False) → Iterable[atlasapi.whitelist.WhitelistEntry]

Get All whitelist entries

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/whitelist-get-all/

Keyword Arguments:
 
  • pageNum (int) – Page number
  • itemsPerPage (int) – Number of Users per Page
  • iterable (bool) – To return an iterable high level object instead of a low level API response
Returns:

Iterable object representing this function OR Response payload

Return type:

AtlasPagination or dict

Raises:

ErrPaginationLimits – Out of limits

get_whitelist_entry(ip_address: str) → atlasapi.whitelist.WhitelistEntry

Get a whitelist entry

url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/whitelist-get-one-entry/

Parameters:ip_address (str) – ip address to fetch from whitelist
Returns:Response payload
Return type:WhitelistEntry

Atlas._CloudBackups

class Atlas._CloudBackups(atlas)

Bases: object

Cloud Backup API

see: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/cloud-backup/backup/backups/

The CloudBackups resource provides access to retrieve the Cloud provider backup snapshots.

Parameters:atlas (Atlas) – Atlas instance
cancel_snapshot_restore_request(cluster_name: str, restore_id: str)

Cancels a current backup restore request by restore_id.

Calls: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/cloud-backup/restore/delete-one-restore-job/

Parameters:
  • cluster_name – The name of the source cluster.
  • restore_id – The id of the (jobId) of the restore job.
create_snapshot_for_cluster(cluster_name: str, retention_days: int = 7, description: str = None, as_obj: bool = True) → Union[atlasapi.cloud_backup.CloudBackupSnapshot, dict]

Creates and on demand snapshot for the passed cluster

Parameters:
  • as_obj
  • cluster_name
  • retention_days
  • description
get_backup_snapshot_for_cluster(cluster_name: str, snapshot_id: str, as_obj: bool = True) → Union[Iterable[atlasapi.cloud_backup.CloudBackupSnapshot], Iterable[dict]]

Get singe backup snapshot for a cluster.

Retrieves url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/cloud-backup/backup/backups/

Keyword Arguments:
 cluster_name (str) – The cluster name to fetch
Returns:Iterable object representing this function OR Response payload
Return type:AtlasPagination or dict
get_backup_snapshots_for_cluster(cluster_name: str, as_obj: bool = True) → Union[Iterable[atlasapi.cloud_backup.CloudBackupSnapshot], Iterable[dict]]

Get backup snapshots for a cluster.

Retrieves url: https://docs.atlas.mongodb.com/reference/api/cloud-backup/backup/backups/

Keyword Arguments:
 cluster_name (str) – The cluster name to fetch
Returns:Iterable object representing this function OR Response payload
Return type:AtlasPagination or dict
get_snapshot_restore_requests(cluster_name: str, restore_id: str = None, as_obj: bool = True) → Union[List[Union[dict, atlasapi.cloud_backup.SnapshotRestoreResponse]], atlasapi.cloud_backup.SnapshotRestoreResponse, dict]
is_existing_snapshot(cluster_name: str, snapshot_id: str) → bool
request_snapshot_restore(source_cluster_name: str, snapshot_id: str, target_cluster_name: str, delivery_type: atlasapi.cloud_backup.DeliveryType = <DeliveryType.automated: 'Automated restore to Atlas cluster'>, allow_same: bool = False) → atlasapi.cloud_backup.SnapshotRestoreResponse
request_snapshot_restore_to_group(source_cluster_name: str, snapshot_id: str, target_cluster_name: str, target_group_obj, delivery_type: atlasapi.cloud_backup.DeliveryType = <DeliveryType.automated: 'Automated restore to Atlas cluster'>) → atlasapi.cloud_backup.SnapshotRestoreResponse

Requests a snapshot restore to another group/project.

Uses the passed target_group_obj, which is an Atlas object, to restore a snapshot from one group/project to another.

This method does not check if the source and destination clusters have the same name, since this would not be dangerous when these are in two groups.

Parameters:
  • source_cluster_name – the text name of the source cluster
  • snapshot_id – the uuid id of the snapshot to be restored
  • target_cluster_name – the txt name of the destination cluster
  • target_group_obj – Atlas: An Atlas object connected to the destination group.
  • delivery_type – DeliveryType: IF you want to download, or automatically restore on Atlas.

Returns:

Atlas._Projects

class Atlas._Projects(atlas)

Bases: object

Atlas Projects

see: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/atlas/reference/api/projects/

The groups resource provides access to retrieve or create Atlas projects.

Parameters:atlas (Atlas) – Atlas instance
get_project_teams(group_id: str = None) → Iterable[atlasapi.teams.TeamRoles]

Retrieves all teams assigned to the passed project/group

Returns each team assigned to the project, along with the roles which are assigned.

Returns (Iterable[TeamRoles]): Yields TeamRole Objects.

get_project_users(group_id: str = None, flatten_teams: Optional[bool] = None, include_org_users: Optional[bool] = None) → Iterable[atlasapi.atlas_users.AtlasUser]

Yields all users (AtlasUser objects) associated with the group_id.

Parameters:
  • group_id (str) – The group id to search, will use the configured group for the Atlas instance if instantiated in this way.
  • flatten_teams (bool) – Flag that indicates whether the returned list should include users who belong to a team that is assigned a role in this project. You might not have assigned the individual users a role in this project.
  • include_org_users (bool) – Flag that indicates whether the returned list should include users with implicit access to the project through the Organization Owner or Organization Read Only role. You might not have assigned the individual users a role in this project.

Returns (Iterable[AtlasUser]: An iterable of AtlasUser objects.

project_by_id(project_id: str) → atlasapi.projects.Project

Return project by name

Parameters:project_id (str) – The project id (group_id) to return

Returns (Project): A single Project

project_by_name(project_name: str) → atlasapi.projects.Project

Return project by name

Parameters:project_name (str) – The project name to return

Returns (Project): A single Project

projects

All Projects accessible by the current authed user/key Gets all projects for which the authed key has access.

Returns (Iterable[Project]): Yields Project Objects.

settings
user_count(group_id: str = None, flatten_teams: Optional[bool] = None, include_org_users: Optional[bool] = None) → int

Returns count of users added to this project

Parameters:
  • group_id (str) – The group id to search, will use the configured group for the Atlas instance if
  • in this way. (instantiated) –
  • flatten_teams (bool) – Flag that indicates whether the returned list should include users who belong to a team that is assigned a role in this project. You might not have assigned the individual users a role in this project.
  • include_org_users (bool) –

    Flag that indicates whether the returned list should include users with implicit access to the project through the Organization Owner or Organization Read Only role. You

    might not have assigned the individual users a role in this project.

Returns (int): Count of users.

Atlas._Organizations

class Atlas._Organizations(atlas)

Bases: object

Atlas Organizations

see: https://www.mongodb.com/docs/atlas/reference/api/organizations/

TThe orgs resource provides access to manage Atlas organizations.

Parameters:atlas (Atlas) – Atlas instance
count

Count of Organizations accessible by the authed user/key.

Returns (int):

organization_by_id(org_id: str) → atlasapi.organizations.Organization

Single organization searched by org_id.

Parameters:org_id (str) –

Returns (Organization): a single Organization object.

organization_by_name(org_name: str) → atlasapi.organizations.Organization

Singe organization searched by name.

Parameters:org_name – Organization name with which to filter the returned list. Performs a case-insensitive search for organizations which exactly match the specified name.

Returns (Organization): a single Organization object.

organizations

All Organizations accessible by the current authed user/key Gets all Organizations for which the authed key has access.

Returns (Iterable[Organization]): Yields Organization Objects.